D5
- Local identifier
- El Batán
- Years operational
- 1991—
- Objective
- The experiment evaluates the effect of tillage, rotation and residue management on maize, wheat and dry bean performance and related soil, crop and profitability parameters in rain-fed conditions in the semi-arid highlands of Mexico
- Data Access Statement
- Available to any researcher on request
- Data Access Notes
- We mostly receive requests for data that have been published through the email of the corresponding author (Bram Govaerts). In general we provide the published data to anyone who requests access. For unpublished data we do ask for more detailed information on what they intend to use the data for
- Data license
- No data license
- Data policy
- Yes (not online)
- Organization
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centerresearch organisation
- Person
- Dr Nele Verhulstprincipal investigatorCIMMYT-Mexicosustainable intensification
Site: D5 Trial Site
- Type
- research station field
- Local code
- El Batán
- Location
- Experimental station El BatánEl BatánMexico
- Geographic location
- 19.529142, -98.846754
- Elevation
- 2240 Metres
- Visits permitted?
- No
- Management
- Records of field operations are mainly available from 2003 on. For older operations records, the information is sometimes unclear and must be checked in (hand)written records.
- Soil type
- phaeozem
- Soil description
- Haplic Phaeozem (Clayic)
- Climatic type
- humid subtropical / subtropical oceanic highland climate
- Climate properties
Variable Time period Value (range) Units air temperature 1991 – 2016 15.4 (6.5 – 24.4) degree Celsius precipitation 1991 – 2016 625 (451 – 1069) millimeter
Design period: (1991—)
- Design Type
- Randomized complete block design
- Description
- Plots measure 7.5 (width) x 22 (length) m
- Design description
- The 32 treatments have one crop per year (summer). The first 16 treatments have a factorial design and were never changed since the start of the experiment: -tillage practice: zero and conventional tillage -rotation: maize monoculture, wheat monoculture, maize-wheat rotation -residue management: retention and removal of residue The other 16 treatments are more flexible and include other alternatives, working towards conservation agriculture: - tillage practice: permanent beds of 75 cm and 150 cm -rotation: triticale,grasspea-maize, wheat-bean-maize, wheat-bean -residue management: partial retention (different levels)
- Number of plots
- 64
- Number of replicates
- 2
- Number of harvests per year
- 1
- Crops
Crop Years grown maize wheat triticales beans - Crop Rotations
- maize monoculture
- 1maize
wheat monoculture- 1wheat
maize wheat rotation- 1maize
- 2wheat
triticale-maize- 1triticales
- 2maize
wheat-bean-maize- 1wheat
- 2beans
- 3maize
wheat-bean- 1wheat
- 2beans
- Factors
- Factor name
- Factor levels
- tillage process
no-till
conventional tillage
- crop residue management process
crop residue removal
crop residue retention
Crop residues are left at various amounts- row spacing Plot application: Whole plot
(75 cm)
(150 cm)
- Measurements
Variable Material Units Frequency Scale Comment grain yield trait All crops annual plant quality traits All crops annual soil pH Soil sampled sometimes soil salinity Soil sampled sometimes soil total carbon Soil sampled sometimes composition of soil Soil sampled sometimes soil water content Soil sampled sometimes weed species richness Not specified sampled sometimes
Related publications
- Stable high yields with zero tillage and permanent bed planting? 10.1016/j.fcr.2004.11.003 [In English]
- A minimum data set for soil quality assessment of wheat and maize cropping in the highlands of Mexico 10.1016/j.still.2005.03.005 [In English]
- Long-term consequences of tillage, residue management, and crop rotation on maize/wheat root rot and nematode populations in subtropical highlands 10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.07.010 [In English]
- Infiltration, soil moisture, root rot and nematode populations after 12 years of different tillage, residue and crop rotation managements 10.1016/j.still.2006.07.013 [In English]
- Influence of tillage, residue management, and crop rotation on soil microbial biomass and catabolic diversity 10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.03.006 [In English]
- Evaluating spatial within plot crop variability for different management practices with an optical sensor? 10.1007/s11104-007-9358-6 [In English]
- Long-term consequences of tillage, residue management, and crop rotation on selected soil micro-flora groups in the subtropical highlands 10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.10.009 [In English]
- Conservation agriculture as a sustainable option for the central Mexican highlands 10.1016/j.still.2008.05.018 [In English]
- Relative impacts of tillage, residue management and crop-rotation on soil bacterial communities in a semi-arid agroecosystem 10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.05.009 [In English]
- Fate of atrazine in a soil under different agronomic management practices 10.1080/03601234.2014.938555 [In English]
- Bacterial community structure in maize residue amended soil with contrasting management practices 10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.01.010 [In English]
- Conservation agriculture affects arthropod community composition in a rainfed maize–wheat system in central Mexico 10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.12.004 [In English]
- Using NDVI and soil quality analysis to assess influence of agronomic management on within-plot spatial variability and factors limiting production 10.1007/s11104-008-9787-x [In English]
- The effect of tillage, crop rotation and residue management on maize and wheat growth and development evaluated with an optical sensor 10.1016/j.fcr.2010.08.012 [In English]
- Soil water content, maize yield and its stability as affected by tillage and crop residue management in rainfed semi-arid highlands 10.1007/s11104-011-0728-8 [In English]