Lime and phosphorus, R3-1001-1941
- Local identifier
- R3-1001, R-27-1941
- Years operational
- 1941—
- Objective
- To study the interactions between liming and phosphorus plant-availability, and to study the effect of long-term phosphorus addition on soil and crops.
- Description
- This experiment have a three-factor split-split plot design with two field replicates. The three tested factors are i) limed or not limed at start, ii) limed or not limed again (in 1974), and iii) different levels of phosphorus addition, as described in Table 1. Phosphorus fertilizer is applied either as super phosphate (P20) or in the period 1941-2021) as Thomas phosphate, a byproduct of iron mining. Since 2022 Thomas phosphate is replaced with super phosphate (P20). Crop samples are collected every year, and top soil samples are collected every 6th year. Crop rotation and application of mineral fertilizers (excluding phosphorus) follow the management of the field where the experimental plots are located, and are not detailed in the experimental plan.
- Data Access Statement
- Available to any researcher on request
- Data Access Notes
- Guidelines and application for data access: https://www.slu.se/en/faculties/nj/this-is-the-nj-faculty/collaborative-centres-and-major-research-platforms/long-term-field-experiments-/
- Data license
- Don't know
- Data policy
- Don't know
- Organization
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciencesresearch organisation
- Person
- Dr Sabina Braunexperiment managerSLUSoil and Envirionment
Site: Lanna research station
- Type
- research station field
- Local code
- R-27-1941
- Location
- SkaraVästra GötalandSweden
- Geographic location
- 58.352226, 13.127418
- Visits permitted?
- No
- Visiting arrangements
- Contact information: https://www.slu.se/en/departments/soil-environment/field-stations/lanna/
- Soil description
- Uderic Haploboroll (USDA)
Design period: (1941—)
- Design Type
- Split split plot
- Description
- In 2021 the treatment using Thomas phosphate was discontinued. Instead these plots now receive the same amount of P in the form of super phosphate. During the first ~15 years the crop rotation was fixed (7 years) and consisted of winter wheat, peas, spring cereals, ley I, ley II, spring cereals, and fallow. Since the late 1950s the crop rotation has been only cereals and oil seeds and occasional fallow, and not fixed in the experimental plan. No manure had been added since the late 1950s. The experiment is plowed once per year down to 20 cm depth, plant residues are left on field.
- Design description
- Large block: liming at start yes/no Split 1: Re-liming in 1974 yes/no Split 2: P level. 1= no P, 2= 17.5 kg super-phosphate yearly, 3=105 kg/ha super-phosphate every 6th year, 4=17.5 kg Thomas-phosphate yearly, 5=105 kg/ha Thomas-phosphate every 6th year,
- Number of plots
- 8
- Number of subplots
- 5
- Number of replicates
- 2
- Number of harvests per year
- 1
- Crops
Crop Years grown winter wheat spring oats spring barley spring rapeseed spring wheat peas bare fallow grass clover leys - Factors
- Factor name
- Factor levels
- liming exposure
Liming event I (6000 kg/ha)
1941—Application frequency: one timeChemical form: calcium oxideThe equivalent of 6000 kg CaO/ha was added as a mixture of burnt and slaked lime.Liming event II (6000 kg/ha)
1974—Application frequency: one timeChemical form: calcium oxideThe equivalent of 6000 kg CaO/ha was added as a mixture of burnt and slaked lime.no liming
- phosphate fertilizer exposure
P0 (0 )
No Psuperphosphate 1 (17.5 kgP/ha)
1946—Application frequency: annuallyChemical form: triple superphosphateTriple superphosphate corresponding to 17.5 kg P per hectare, added every yearsuperphosphate 2 (105 kgP/ha)
1941—Application frequency: every 6th yearChemical form: triple superphosphateTriple superphosphate corresponding to 105 kg P per hectare, added every 6th yearThomas phosphate 1 (17.5 kgP/ha)
1941—Application frequency: annuallyChemical form: thomas phosphateThomas phosphate (a byproduct from steel production, contains about 4 % P) corresponding to 17.5 kg P per hectare, added yearlyThomas phosphate 2 (105 kgP/ha)
1941—Application frequency: every 6th yearChemical form: thomas phosphateTriple superphosphate corresponding to 105 kg P per hectare, added every 6th year
- Measurements
Variable Material Units Frequency Scale Comment phosphorous content All crops annually soil pH Soil every 6th year plant available phosphorous Soil every 6th year Ammonium acetate lactate extraction potassium content Soil every 6th year Ammonium acetate lactate extraction calcium content Not specified every 6th year Ammonium acetate lactate extraction magnesium content Soil every 6th year Ammonium acetate lactate extraction
Related publications
- Pools and solubility of soil phosphorus as affected by liming in long-term agricultural field experiments https://dio.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.11.019 [In english]
- Continuous decrease in soil organic matter despite increased plant productivity in an 80-years-old phosphorus-addition experiment https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-023-00915-1 [In english]