Source P and cover crops in Dois Vizinhos, south of Brazil
- Local identifier
- Dois Vizinhos, Paraná state, south of Brazil
- Years operational
- 2009—
- Objective
- The study the effect of P fertilizer (none, RP, and SSP) in combination with cover crop residues (common vetch, white lupin, radish, ryegrass, black oat, rye, and fallow) on maize-soybean yield and P use efficiency and also.
- Data Access Statement
- Available to any researcher on request
- Data license
- Don't know
- Data policy
- Don't know
- Organizations
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Pauloresearch organisationCampus Dois Vizinhos, Federal Technological University of Paranáexperimental research station
- People
- Dr. Paulo Sergio Pavinatoprincipal investigatorAssociate ProfessorSoil ScienceDr. Laercio Ricardo Sartorprincipal investigatorAdjunct ProfessorCrop ScienceMSc. João Henrique Silva da Luzdata managerMaster's DegreeSoil Science
Site: Corn-Soybean with source P and cover crops in South Brazil
- Type
- research station field
- Local code
- 25°44′05″S, 53°03′31″W
- Location
- Dois VizinhosSouthBrazil
- Geographic location
- -25.693007, -53.094344
- Elevation
- 509 Metres
- Slope
- 0°
- Visits permitted?
- No
- Soil type
- clayey Rhodic Hapludox
- Soil description
- This soil is representative of large areas of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and maize (Zea mays) cultivation in Brazil. Properties of the soil in the experiment establishment (2009). Depth layer Clay content pH (CaCl2) OM P-Resin Al3+ H+Al Ca2+ Mg2+ K+ V cm g kg–1 g dm–3 mg dm–3 ——–—----- cmolc dm–3 ----——–— % 0–5 701 5.4 40.2 8.11 0.00 3.42 5.40 2.69 0.50 71.5 5–10 739 5.2 40.2 9.73 0.00 3.68 2.98 2.98 0.28 70.7 10–20 751 5.0 26.8 4.80 0.08 3.97 2.13 2.13 0.13 62.4
- Soil properties
Variable Depth Value (range) Units Ref year Estimated? Baseline? clay content 0 – 5 Centimetres 701 gram per kilogram clay content 5 – 10 Centimetres 739 gram per kilogram clay content 10 – 20 Centimetres 751 gram per kilogram soil pH 0 – 5 Centimetres 5.4 g dm-3 soil pH 5 – 10 Centimetres 5.2 g dm-3 soil pH 10 – 20 Centimetres 5.4 g dm-3 - Climatic type
- humid subtropical climate
- Climate description
- mesothermal humid subtropical climate (Cfa) without a dry season, with mean temperatures of 22 ºC in Summer and 17 ºC in Winter, with average rainfall of 2100 mm per year.
- Climate properties
Variable Time period Value (range) Units precipitation 2100 mm
Design period: Corn-Soybean with source P and cover crops with P inputs (2009—2015)
- Design Type
- Randomized complete block design
- Description
- The factorial scheme (3x7). Phosphate fertilizer sources were always applied at sowing of bean and maize (Summer crops), as RP (from Algeria: 9% soluble P2O5 and 29% total P2O5) and soluble phosphate (SSP: 18% soluble/total P2O5). A treatment without P addition was also included (nil-P). Species of winter cover crops were: common vetch, white lupin, forage radish, ryegrass, black oat, and rye and a fallow (occasional weeds, not identified).
- Design description
- The experimental treatments were established as a randomized, complete block, split-plot design with three blocks, considering P sources as main plot in three levels and cover crop species as subplot in seven levels. Plots with the dimension of 5 by 5 m were established in January 2009.
- Number of plots
- 3
- Number of subplots
- 7
- Number of replicates
- 3
- Number of harvests per year
- 2
- Crops
Crop Years grown soybeans maize cover crop - Factors
- Factor name
- Factor levels
- phosphate fertilizer exposure Phosphate fertilizer sources.
rock phosphate
Chemical form: rock phosphatefrom Algeria: 9% soluble P2O5 and 29% total P2O5single superphosphate
Chemical form: single superphosphate18% soluble/total P2O5nil-P
No P addition- cover cropping Species of winter cover crops
Common vetch
Vicia sativawhite lupins
Lupinus albusfodder radish
Raphanus sativusryegrass
black oat
Avena strigosarye
Secale cerealefallow
Occasional weeds, not identified.
- Measurements
Variable Material Units Frequency Scale Comment soil fertility Soil cm depth Every three years grain yield trait soybeans ha Yearly stover biomass maize kg per hectare Yearly uptake cover crops maize kg per hectare Yearly P fractions Soil mg kg Every three years
Design period: Corn-Soybean with source P and cover crops exploring Legacy P (2016—)
- Description
- Phosphorus fertilization was halted after 2015 as anion exchange resin P reached high levels (>50 mg kg–1). In 2016 the objective was to explore the soil legacy P (residual P from past fertilization). All details remained similar to that established, except for the suspension of P inputs.
- Crops
Crop Years grown
Related publications
- Cover crops affecting less labily phosphorus availability: effects on corn yield and soil quality under pulse irrigation
- Effects of Cover Crops and Phosphorus Sources on Maize Yield, Phosphorus Uptake, and Phosphorus Use Efficiency https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.06.0323 [In English]
- Do cover crops change the lability of phosphorus in a clayey subtropical soil under different phosphate fertilizers? https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12327 [In English]
- Changes in soil phosphorus lability promoted by phosphate sources and cover crops https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2018.01.006 [In English]
- Cover Cropping May Alter Legacy Phosphorus Dynamics Under Long-Term Fertilizer Addition https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00013 [In English]