Long-term static fertilization - Skierniewice

This experiment has been added by the GLTEN Curators using existing published sources.
Objective
Evaluation of different organic and mineral fertilization effect on crops and environment in different crop rotation systems.
Description
A series of experiments were established between 1922 and 1925 to compare different crop rotations with and with out farmyard manure and with various combinations of mineral fertilizer. In this entry, the design periods summarise the four main crop rotation experiments.
Data Access Statement
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Data license
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Data policy
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Organizations
Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University
research organisation
Skierniewice Experimental Station
experimental research station
People

Site: Skierniewice

Type
research station field
Location
Skierniewice
Poland
Geographic location
51.965499, 20.163362
© OpenStreetMap contributors
Visits permitted?
No
Soil type
luvisol
Soil description
The soil is a stagnic luvisol
Soil properties
VariableDepthValue (range)UnitsRef yearEstimated?Baseline?
soil organic carbon0 – 25 Centimetres (0.6 – 0.9) Percent
Climate properties
VariableTime periodValue (range)Units
precipitation520 millimeter
air temperature7.9 degree Celsius

Design period: Arbitrary rotations without and without legumes (1922—)

Description
The Arbitrary rotations without legumes experiments were established on the 'A' fields and test different combinations of mineral fertilizer. descriptions of the rotation sequences have not been found in the published literature, but crops used in the rotation have been identified. FYM was introduced as an experiment factor in 1992, and mineral fertilizer rates were increased in 1976. The experiment fields are sited on both strongly and slightly acidic soils.
Design description
The project website gives a detailed description of which experiment factors are applied in combination. Mineral fertilizers are applied in the combinations: NPK, PK, PN and KN
Crops
CropYears grown
barley
winter wheat
rye
potatoes
legumes
Crop Rotations
With legumes
Without legumes
Factors
Factor name
Factor levels
nitrogen fertilizer exposure
N either applied or not and in two different forms.
N-sulfate  (90 kgN/ha)
Chemical form: ammonium sulfate
30 kg N ha-1 from 1923-1975. The ammonium sulfate treatment is only used in combination with the rotations without legumes.
ammonium nitrate  (90 )
Chemical form: ammonium nitrate
30 kg N ha-1 from 1923-1975
phosphate fertilizer exposure
P  (26 kgP/ha)
13 kg P ha-1 from 1923-1975
potassium fertilizer exposure
K  (91 kgK/ha)
26 kg K ha-1 from 1923-1975
natural fertilizer exposure
farmyard manure
1992—
Chemical form: farmyard manure
FYM treatment is only used in combination with the rotations without legumes.
liming exposure
Ca  (1.6 t/ha)
Application frequency: Every 4 years
Except for the combination CaNPK, Ca is not used in combination with N treatments applied as ammonium sulfate.

Design period: 5-course rotation (1924—)

Description
The 5-course rotation experiment was established on the 'E' fields and is replicated 5 times. FYM is applied to all plots at 30 t ha-1 every four years. Form of nitrogen is not an experiment factor. All plots are limed except for one NPK factor level combination which receives no lime.
Number of replicates
5
Crops
CropYears grown
spring barley
red clover
winter wheat
rye
potatoes
Crop Rotation
5-course rotation
  • 1
    spring barley
  • 2
    red clover
  • 3
    winter wheat
  • 4
    rye
  • 5
    potatoes
Factors
Factor name
Factor levels
nitrogen fertilizer exposure
N  (90 kgN/ha)
Chemical form: ammonium nitrate
30 kg N ha-1 from 1924-1975.
phosphate fertilizer exposure
P  (26 kgP/ha)
13 kg P ha-1 from 1924-1975
potassium fertilizer exposure
K  (91 kgK/ha)
26 kg K ha-1 from 1924-1975
liming exposure
Ca  (1.6 t/ha)
Application frequency: Every 4 years
Factor combinations
NPK
nitrogen fertilizer exposure: N
phosphate fertilizer exposure: P
potassium fertilizer exposure: K
CaNPK
liming exposure: Ca
nitrogen fertilizer exposure: N
phosphate fertilizer exposure: P
potassium fertilizer exposure: K
Ca
liming exposure: Ca
CaPK
phosphate fertilizer exposure: P
potassium fertilizer exposure: K
CaPN
liming exposure: Ca
phosphate fertilizer exposure: P
nitrogen fertilizer exposure: N
CaKN
liming exposure: Ca
potassium fertilizer exposure: K
nitrogen fertilizer exposure: N

Design period: Monocultures (1924—)

Design description
Three crops grown as monocultures and replicated 5 times on the 'D' fields. Mineral fertilizers are applied in the combinations: NPK, PK, PN and KN.
Number of replicates
5
Crops
CropYears grown
potatoes
rye
triticales
Crop Rotations
potato monoculture
  • 1
    potatoes
rye monoculture
  • 1
    rye
triticale monoculture
  • 1
    triticales
Factors
Factor name
Factor levels
nitrogen fertilizer exposure
N  (90 kgN/ha)
Chemical form: ammonium nitrate
30 kg N ha-1 from 1924-1975.
phosphate fertilizer exposure
P  (26 kgP/ha)
13 kg P ha-1 from 1924-1975
potassium fertilizer exposure
K  (91 kgK/ha)
26 kg K ha-1 from 1924-1975
farmyard manure exposure
FYM
Chemical form: farmyard manure
With FYM applied.
No FYM
Without FYM applied
liming exposure
Ca  (1.6 t/ha)
Application frequency: Every 4 years
Applied to all mineral fertilizer factor level combinations except NPK which is with and without liming

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